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DNA Nanoball Sequencing involves isolating DNA that is to be sequenced, shearing it into small 100 – 350 base pair (bp) fragments, ligating adapter sequences to the fragments, and circularizing the fragments. The circular fragments are copied by rolling circle replication resulting in many single-stranded copies of each fragment. The DNA copies concatenate head to tail in a long strand, and are compacted into a DNA nanoball. The nanoballs are then adsorbed onto a sequencing flow cell. The color of the fluorescence at each interrogated position is recorded through a high-resolution camera. Bioinformatics are used to analyze the fluorescence data and make a base call, and for mapping or quantifying the 50bp, 100bp, or 150bp single- or paired-end reads. [6] [2] DNA Isolation, fragmentation, and size capture [ edit ]

a b c d e f g h i j Drmanac, R.; Sparks, A. B.; Callow, M. J.; Halpern, A. L.; Burns, N. L.; Kermani, B. G.; Carnevali, P.; Nazarenko, I.; etal. (2009). "Human Genome Sequencing Using Unchained Base Reads on Self-Assembling DNA Nanoarrays". Science. 327 (5961): 78–81. Bibcode: 2010Sci...327...78D. doi: 10.1126/science.1181498. PMID 19892942. S2CID 17309571. Huang, J. (2017). "A reference human genome dataset of the BGISEQ-500 sequencer". GigaScience. 6 (5): 1–9. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/gix024. PMC 5467036. PMID 28379488.

java -jar picard.jar MarkDuplicates I=input.bam O=marked_duplicates.bam M=marked_dup_metrics.txt READ_NAME_REGEX=null FFFFFFFFFFFGFGFFFFFF;FFFFFFFGFGFGFFFFFF;FFFFGFGFGFFEFFFFFEDGFDFF@FCFGFGCFFFFFEFFEGDFDFFFFFGDAFFEFGFF Finally, DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix structure. RNA is single-stranded and is generally straight. DNA is a complete set of instructions needed for life (unless you're a virus, but that's a whole different story/debate) and RNA is used to copy DNA and to synthesize proteins. I know this is a lot to take in, but there are several videos and articles on Khan Academy to help. Here are a few. a b Roach, J. C.; Glusman, G.; Smit, A. F. A.; Huff, C. D.; Hubley, R.; Shannon, P. T.; Rowen, L.; Pant, K. P.; etal. (2010). "Analysis of Genetic Inheritance in a Family Quartet by Whole-Genome Sequencing". Science. 328 (5978): 636–9. Bibcode: 2010Sci...328..636R. doi: 10.1126/science.1186802. PMC 3037280. PMID 20220176.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-rna-and-protein-synthesis/v/molecular-structure-of-rna Fehlmann, T. (2016). "cPAS-based sequencing on the BGISEQ-500 to explore small non-coding RNAs". Clin Epigenetics. 8: 123. doi: 10.1186/s13148-016-0287-1. PMC 5117531. PMID 27895807. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link) THE ORIGINAL DNA BALL: Not one of those stress balls that pop after a couple of days. Now you are given the chance to have something sturdy and durable. And you can keep squeezing it over and over again! Another advantage of DNA nanoball sequencing include the use of high-fidelity Phi 29 DNA polymerase [10] to ensure accurate amplification of the circular template, several hundred copies of the circular template compacted into a small area resulting in an intense signal, and attachment of the fluorophore to the probe at a long distance from the ligation point results in improved ligation. [2] Disadvantages [ edit ]Play George Church, Ph.D., a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute and Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, explains how fluorescent in situ sequencing could lead to new diagnostics that spot the earliest signs of disease, and how it could help reveal how neurons in the brain connect and function. Credit: Wyss Institute at Harvard University.

SUCH A SATISFYING WAY TO RELIEVE STRESS: These colorful sensory fidget toys are a perfectly portable tool for adults and kids to fight off stress, anxiety, bad habits while boosting focus. Whether it's at home, work, or school, these squishy toys are a game changer to have on hand.Second, while each has four nucleiotide bases, there is one difference. You probably know that DNA has guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine, and that guanine links to cytosine and adenine links to thymine. But RNA doesn't have thymine. Instead, it has uracil, a nucleiotide base with a slightly different chemical makeup. Thymine had the chemical formula C5H6N2O2 and uracil is C4H4N2O2. Uracil links to adenine in RNA just like thymine does in DNA Not only does our DNA Stress Ball provide the perfect escape from the chaos of everyday life, but it also doubles as a fidget toy that will keep your hands delightfully busy. Its unique shape offers endless possibilities for tactile exploration, allowing you to stretch, squish, and manipulate your way to stress relief. It's like a stress ball and a fidget toy. DNA nanoball sequencing technology offers some advantages over other sequencing platforms. One advantage is the eradication of optical duplicates. DNA nanoballs remain in place on the patterned array and do not interfere with neighboring nanoballs. A stress ball is our most popular sensory fidget toy with the DNA stress ball fidget being our most popular and in demand stress ball. Sensory balls such as the DNA stress ball helps to bring calmness and also relieve stress and anxieties.

Huang, Jie; Liang, Xinming; Xuan, Yuankai; Geng, Chunyu; Li, Yuxiang; Lu, Haorong; Qu, Shoufang; Mei, Xianglin; Chen, Hongbo; Yu, Ting; Sun, Nan; Rao, Junhua; Wang, Jiahao; Zhang, Wenwei; Chen, Ying; Liao, Sha; Jiang, Hui; Liu, Xin; Yang, Zhaopeng; Mu, Feng; Gao, Shangxian (2017). "A reference human genome dataset of the BGISEQ-500 sequencer". GigaScience. 6 (5): 1–9. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/gix024. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 5467036. PMID 28379488. The FISSEQ technology has been licensed to ReadCoor Inc., a start up company spun out of the Wyss Institute, which will commercialize it as a new generation sequencing platform, allowing researchers to perform high throughput RNA sequencing and obtain the cellular locations of multiple RNAs simultaneously in intact cell and tissue samples of their choice. The main disadvantage of DNA nanoball sequencing is the short read length of the DNA sequences obtained with this method. [2] Short reads, especially for DNA high in DNA repeats, may map to two or more regions of the reference genome. A second disadvantage of this method is that multiple rounds of PCR have to be used. This can introduce PCR bias and possibly amplify contaminants in the template construction phase. [2] However, these disadvantages are common to all short-read sequencing platforms are not specific to DNA nanoballs. Squeeze it, squish it, and let your worries melt away as you channel your inner scientist and conquer stress with every twist and turn.Chrisey, L.; Lee, GU; O'Ferrall, CE (1996). "Covalent attachment of synthetic DNA to self-assembled monolayer films". Nucleic Acids Research. 24 (15): 3031–9. doi: 10.1093/nar/24.15.3031. PMC 146042. PMID 8760890. An updated reference human genome dataset of the BGISEQ-500 sequencer". GigaDB . Retrieved 22 March 2017. Publication March 8, 2021 Barcoded oligonucleotides ligated on RNA amplified for multiplexed and parallel in situ analyses https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-rna-and-protein-synthesis/v/rna-transcription-and-translation