Reflective Road Line Car Park Marking Paint (2.5 Litre, White)

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Council MD, Shah GK, Lee HC, Sharma S. Visual outcomes and complications of epiretinal membrane removal secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1218–21.

Govetto A, Lalane RA 3rd, Sarraf D, Figueroa MS, Hubschman JP. Insights into epiretinal membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical coherence tomography staging scheme. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;175:99–113. Hwang JU, Sohn J, Moon BG, Joe SG, Lee JY, Kim JG, et al. Assessment of macular function for idiopathic epiretinal membranes classified by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3562–9. Jahn CE, Minich V, Moldaschel S, Stahl B, Jedelhauser P, Kremer G, et al. Epiretinal membranes after extracapsular cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:753–60. Reflective symmetry is where a shape or pattern is reflected in a mirror line or a line of symmetry. The shape that has been reflected will be the same as the original, it should also be the same size, and it will be the same distance away from the mirror.

Why do motorways have reflective studs?

Govetto A, Su D, Farajzadeh M, Megerdichian A, Platner E, Ducournau Y, et al. Microcystoid macular changes in association with idiopathic epiretinal membranes in eyes with and without glaucoma: clinical insights. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;181:156–65. Gass JDM. Macular dysfunction caused by epiretinal membrane contraction. In: Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases: diagnosis and treatment. Vol. 2, 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1997, p. 938–950. Mori K, Gehlbach PL, Sano A, Deguchi T, Yoneya S. Comparison of epiretinal membranes of differing pathogenesis using optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2004;24:57–62. This is especially important in areas with a high speed limit, as drivers may not have time to react to sudden changes in the road if they don’t spot them in time. The reflective studs help drivers to spot these changes in the road ahead and adjust their speed accordingly.

Much like the red studs, these are in place to help drivers know where the lines between the third lane and the central reservation are in low light and difficult weather conditions. White Govetto A, Virgili G, Rodriguez FJ, Figueroa MS, Sarraf D, Hubschman JP. Functional and anatomical significance of the ectopic inner foveal layers in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membranes: surgical results at 12 months. Retina. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001940. When children enter Year 4 and Year 5, they will begin to identify multiple lines of symmetry in 2D shapes. Pupils will understand that some shapes have more than one line of symmetry. Pupils in Year 4 will also be asked to draw these patterns. Tsunoda K, Watanabe K, Akiyama K, Usui T, Noda T. Highly reflective foveal region in optical coherence tomography in eyes with vitreomacular traction or epiretinal membrane. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:581–7. For precise qualitative and quantitative analyses, all parameters were measured separately and independently by two retina specialists (SD, MAS) who were masked to the patients’ clinical details. If there were any discrepancies in the measurement of qualitative parameters, another investigator (PY) was consulted for the final decision. Statistical analysis

Motorway reflective stud colours

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are avascular fibrous layers characterized by abnormal fibrocellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface with a prevalence ranging from 2.2 to 28.9%, and they are more common in elderly people [ 1, 2, 3, 4]. ERM involving the macular or peri-macular regions can cause visual impairment, metamorphopsia, micropsia, and occasionally monocular diplopia. Although ERMs may develop secondary to cataract surgery, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, or uveitis and retinal tearing, most cases are idiopathic [ 5, 6, 7]. Fraser-Bell S, Ying-Lai M, Klein R, Varma R. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:1732–6. Finally, in Year 6 Children will be able to reflect shapes and reflect a specific shape into three other quadrants using the x-axis and y-axis. Through this, pupils will also begin to learn about coordinates too.

For an art activity using mirrors, children might also get a lot out of this Frida Kahlo Inspired Self-Portrait Activity. Following her accident, Frida’s scope of vision was limited from where she lay in bed, so she requested a mirror be placed on the ceiling over her. This way, she could see herself and draw and paint lots of self-portraits.A total of 242 eyes of 121 patients with unilateral idiopathic ERM were prospectively evaluated. ERM stages were defined based on the SD-OCT staging system as stage 1: negligible morphological or anatomical disruption, retinal layers, and foveal pit are identified; stage 2: characteristic stretching of the outer nuclear layer, absence of foveal depression, retinal layers are identified; stage 3: continuous EIFL crossing the central foveal area, absence of foveal depression, retinal layers are identified; and stage 4: anatomical disruption of the fovea, continuous EIFL crossing the entire foveal area, retinal layers are distorted. Results Reflective studs are a common sight on motorways and are designed to help drivers stay in the correct lane and improve visibility in poor weather or darkness.